Watch this Video:
http://www.englishvideolesson.com/1477-the-difference-between-to-see-to-look-and-to-watch.html
Look - to look at something for a reason, with an intention.
‘Look at that strange man.’
‘Look at the pictures I took on holiday.’
________________________________
See -to ‘see’ something that comes into our sight that we weren’t looking for.
‘Did you see that bird? – I wasn’t looking for it, it just appeared.
‘I saw you driving to work today.’
________________________________
Watch - to look at something carefully, usually at something which is moving.
‘Watch TV’- the TV doesn’t move, but you watch the moving images carefully.
‘Watch here you are going! You almost stepped on my foot!’
Showing posts with label Writing. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Writing. Show all posts
Wednesday, November 2, 2011
Monday, October 10, 2011
Using article..
What is an article? Basically, an article is an adjective. Like adjectives, articles modify nouns.
English has two articles: the and a/an. The is used to refer to specific or particular nouns; a/an is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns. We call the the definite article and a/an the indefinite article.
the = definite article
a/an = indefinite article
For example, if I say, "Let's read the book," I mean a specific book. If I say, "Let's read a book," I mean any book rather than a specific book.
Here's another way to explain it: The is used to refer to a specific or particular member of a group. For example, "I just saw the most popular movie of the year." There are many movies, but only one particular movie is the most popular. Therefore, we use the.
"A/an" is used to refer to a non-specific or non-particular member of the group. For example, "I would like to go see a movie." Here, we're not talking about a specific movie. We're talking about any movie. There are many movies, and I want to see any movie. I don't have a specific one in mind.
Let's look at each kind of article a little more closely.
Indefinite Articles: a and an
"A" and "an" signal that the noun modified is indefinite, referring to any member of a group. For example:
"My daughter really wants a dog for Christmas." This refers to any dog. We don't know which dog because we haven't found the dog yet.
"Somebody call a policeman!" This refers to any policeman. We don't need a specific policeman; we need any policeman who is available.
"When I was at the zoo, I saw an elephant!" Here, we're talking about a single, non-specific thing, in this case an elephant. There are probably several elephants at the zoo, but there's only one we're talking about here.
Remember, using a or an depends on the sound that begins the next word. So...
a + singular noun beginning with a consonant: a boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog
an + singular noun beginning with a vowel: an elephant; an egg; an apple; an idiot; an orphan
a + singular noun beginning with a consonant sound: a user (sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e. begins with a consonant 'y' sound, so 'a' is used); a university; a unicycle
an + nouns starting with silent "h": an hour
a + nouns starting with a pronounced "h": a horse
In some cases where "h" is pronounced, such as "historical," you can use an. However, a is more commonly used and preferred.
A historical event is worth recording.
Remember that these rules also apply when you use acronyms:
Introductory Composition at Purdue (ICaP) handles first-year writing at the University. Therefore, an ICaP memo generally discusses issues concerning English 106 instructors.
Another case where this rule applies is when acronyms start with consonant letters but have vowel sounds:
An MSDS (material safety data sheet) was used to record the data. An SPCC plan (Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures plan) will help us prepare for the worst.
If the noun is modified by an adjective, the choice between a and an depends on the initial sound of the adjective that immediately follows the article:
a broken egg
an unusual problem
a European country (sounds like 'yer-o-pi-an,' i.e. begins with consonant 'y' sound)
Remember, too, that in English, the indefinite articles are used to indicate membership in a group:
I am a teacher. (I am a member of a large group known as teachers.)
Brian is an Irishman. (Brian is a member of the people known as Irish.)
Seiko is a practicing Buddhist. (Seiko is a member of the group of people known as Buddhists.)
Definite Article: the
The definite article is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular. The signals that the noun is definite, that it refers to a particular member of a group. For example:
"The dog that bit me ran away." Here, we're talking about a specific dog, the dog that bit me.
"I was happy to see the policeman who saved my cat!" Here, we're talking about a particular policeman. Even if we don't know the policeman's name, it's still a particular policeman because it is the one who saved the cat.
"I saw the elephant at the zoo." Here, we're talking about a specific noun. Probably there is only one elephant at the zoo.
Count and Noncount Nouns
The can be used with noncount nouns, or the article can be omitted entirely.
"I love to sail over the water" (some specific body of water) or "I love to sail over water" (any water).
"He spilled the milk all over the floor" (some specific milk, perhaps the milk you bought earlier that day) or "He spilled milk all over the floor" (any milk).
"A/an" can be used only with count nouns.
"I need a bottle of water."
"I need a new glass of milk."
Most of the time, you can't say, "She wants a water," unless you're implying, say, a bottle of water.
Geographical use of the
There are some specific rules for using the with geographical nouns.
Do not use the before:
names of most countries/territories: Italy, Mexico, Bolivia; however, the Netherlands, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines, the United States
names of cities, towns, or states: Seoul, Manitoba, Miami
names of streets: Washington Blvd., Main St.
names of lakes and bays: Lake Titicaca, Lake Erie except with a group of lakes like the Great Lakes
names of mountains: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji except with ranges of mountains like the Andes or the Rockies or unusual names like the Matterhorn
names of continents (Asia, Europe)
names of islands (Easter Island, Maui, Key West) except with island chains like the Aleutians, the Hebrides, or the Canary Islands
Do use the before:
names of rivers, oceans and seas: the Nile, the Pacific
points on the globe: the Equator, the North Pole
geographical areas: the Middle East, the West
deserts, forests, gulfs, and peninsulas: the Sahara, the Persian Gulf, the Black Forest, the Iberian Peninsula
Omission of Articles
Some common types of nouns that don't take an article are:
Names of languages and nationalities: Chinese, English, Spanish, Russian (unless you are referring to the population of the nation: "The Spanish are known for their warm hospitality.")
Names of sports: volleyball, hockey, baseball
Names of academic subjects: mathematics, biology, history, computer science
English has two articles: the and a/an. The is used to refer to specific or particular nouns; a/an is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns. We call the the definite article and a/an the indefinite article.
the = definite article
a/an = indefinite article
For example, if I say, "Let's read the book," I mean a specific book. If I say, "Let's read a book," I mean any book rather than a specific book.
Here's another way to explain it: The is used to refer to a specific or particular member of a group. For example, "I just saw the most popular movie of the year." There are many movies, but only one particular movie is the most popular. Therefore, we use the.
"A/an" is used to refer to a non-specific or non-particular member of the group. For example, "I would like to go see a movie." Here, we're not talking about a specific movie. We're talking about any movie. There are many movies, and I want to see any movie. I don't have a specific one in mind.
Let's look at each kind of article a little more closely.
Indefinite Articles: a and an
"A" and "an" signal that the noun modified is indefinite, referring to any member of a group. For example:
"My daughter really wants a dog for Christmas." This refers to any dog. We don't know which dog because we haven't found the dog yet.
"Somebody call a policeman!" This refers to any policeman. We don't need a specific policeman; we need any policeman who is available.
"When I was at the zoo, I saw an elephant!" Here, we're talking about a single, non-specific thing, in this case an elephant. There are probably several elephants at the zoo, but there's only one we're talking about here.
Remember, using a or an depends on the sound that begins the next word. So...
a + singular noun beginning with a consonant: a boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog
an + singular noun beginning with a vowel: an elephant; an egg; an apple; an idiot; an orphan
a + singular noun beginning with a consonant sound: a user (sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e. begins with a consonant 'y' sound, so 'a' is used); a university; a unicycle
an + nouns starting with silent "h": an hour
a + nouns starting with a pronounced "h": a horse
In some cases where "h" is pronounced, such as "historical," you can use an. However, a is more commonly used and preferred.
A historical event is worth recording.
Remember that these rules also apply when you use acronyms:
Introductory Composition at Purdue (ICaP) handles first-year writing at the University. Therefore, an ICaP memo generally discusses issues concerning English 106 instructors.
Another case where this rule applies is when acronyms start with consonant letters but have vowel sounds:
An MSDS (material safety data sheet) was used to record the data. An SPCC plan (Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures plan) will help us prepare for the worst.
If the noun is modified by an adjective, the choice between a and an depends on the initial sound of the adjective that immediately follows the article:
a broken egg
an unusual problem
a European country (sounds like 'yer-o-pi-an,' i.e. begins with consonant 'y' sound)
Remember, too, that in English, the indefinite articles are used to indicate membership in a group:
I am a teacher. (I am a member of a large group known as teachers.)
Brian is an Irishman. (Brian is a member of the people known as Irish.)
Seiko is a practicing Buddhist. (Seiko is a member of the group of people known as Buddhists.)
Definite Article: the
The definite article is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular. The signals that the noun is definite, that it refers to a particular member of a group. For example:
"The dog that bit me ran away." Here, we're talking about a specific dog, the dog that bit me.
"I was happy to see the policeman who saved my cat!" Here, we're talking about a particular policeman. Even if we don't know the policeman's name, it's still a particular policeman because it is the one who saved the cat.
"I saw the elephant at the zoo." Here, we're talking about a specific noun. Probably there is only one elephant at the zoo.
Count and Noncount Nouns
The can be used with noncount nouns, or the article can be omitted entirely.
"I love to sail over the water" (some specific body of water) or "I love to sail over water" (any water).
"He spilled the milk all over the floor" (some specific milk, perhaps the milk you bought earlier that day) or "He spilled milk all over the floor" (any milk).
"A/an" can be used only with count nouns.
"I need a bottle of water."
"I need a new glass of milk."
Most of the time, you can't say, "She wants a water," unless you're implying, say, a bottle of water.
Geographical use of the
There are some specific rules for using the with geographical nouns.
Do not use the before:
names of most countries/territories: Italy, Mexico, Bolivia; however, the Netherlands, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines, the United States
names of cities, towns, or states: Seoul, Manitoba, Miami
names of streets: Washington Blvd., Main St.
names of lakes and bays: Lake Titicaca, Lake Erie except with a group of lakes like the Great Lakes
names of mountains: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji except with ranges of mountains like the Andes or the Rockies or unusual names like the Matterhorn
names of continents (Asia, Europe)
names of islands (Easter Island, Maui, Key West) except with island chains like the Aleutians, the Hebrides, or the Canary Islands
Do use the before:
names of rivers, oceans and seas: the Nile, the Pacific
points on the globe: the Equator, the North Pole
geographical areas: the Middle East, the West
deserts, forests, gulfs, and peninsulas: the Sahara, the Persian Gulf, the Black Forest, the Iberian Peninsula
Omission of Articles
Some common types of nouns that don't take an article are:
Names of languages and nationalities: Chinese, English, Spanish, Russian (unless you are referring to the population of the nation: "The Spanish are known for their warm hospitality.")
Names of sports: volleyball, hockey, baseball
Names of academic subjects: mathematics, biology, history, computer science
narrative paragraph
My first experience on mountain.
The most terrible day of my life happened in 1996. It was during my first summer vacation from university. I went to Jiri mountain with my calligraphy group members.
On the first day, I was excited about climbing and enjoyed going up the mountain with my friends. Our climbing course was too hard so I felt tired and some pain in my foot. When we reached Jangtumok(장터목) mountain cabin, I was exhausted. We decided to have a dinner and sleep one night. During the night, I couldn’t breathe and sleep well. So my members were worried about me.
The Next day, the other members went up top of the mountain to watch the sunrise but I couldn’t go with them because my pain and exhaustion. After that, we went down the road beside the valley. When we reached nearby Bansa valley(뱀사골), I suddenly rolled down the valley. I was unconscious for a short time. When I woke up, I could see faces that looked at me with worry and I felt pain on my left knee (my left knee hurt). I lied on a big rock for a few minutes and I tried to go down. When I reached the ground, the mountain manager came to meet us. He picked us up so I could go to hospital.
After that, I feel pain in my left knee when it rains and I don’t like climbing mountains because of this.
The most terrible day of my life happened in 1996. It was during my first summer vacation from university. I went to Jiri mountain with my calligraphy group members.
On the first day, I was excited about climbing and enjoyed going up the mountain with my friends. Our climbing course was too hard so I felt tired and some pain in my foot. When we reached Jangtumok(장터목) mountain cabin, I was exhausted. We decided to have a dinner and sleep one night. During the night, I couldn’t breathe and sleep well. So my members were worried about me.
The Next day, the other members went up top of the mountain to watch the sunrise but I couldn’t go with them because my pain and exhaustion. After that, we went down the road beside the valley. When we reached nearby Bansa valley(뱀사골), I suddenly rolled down the valley. I was unconscious for a short time. When I woke up, I could see faces that looked at me with worry and I felt pain on my left knee (my left knee hurt). I lied on a big rock for a few minutes and I tried to go down. When I reached the ground, the mountain manager came to meet us. He picked us up so I could go to hospital.
After that, I feel pain in my left knee when it rains and I don’t like climbing mountains because of this.
Monday, October 3, 2011
Writing Numbers Exercise
Writing Paragraphs - Resources & Activities
Activities
From Bogazici University OWL - Paragraph Writing Exercises
Cengage - Writing Effective Paragraph Exercises (practice tests)
Resources
From OWL - What is a paragraph? - Tutorials: Paragraph Structure, Paragraph Development & Concluding Paragraph
Mountain City's The Structure of a Paragraph
Activities
From Bogazici University OWL - Paragraph Writing Exercises
Cengage - Writing Effective Paragraph Exercises (practice tests)
Resources
From OWL - What is a paragraph? - Tutorials: Paragraph Structure, Paragraph Development & Concluding Paragraph
Mountain City's The Structure of a Paragraph
Monday, September 26, 2011
Build your vocabulary at:
Build your vocabulary at:
- Memrise.com (create your own account or use ID: pufsttp Password: 4CALL-fun)
- Vocabulary.com (login optional) or FreeRice.com (no login)
- Englishcentral.com/vocabulary (you’ll need to log in with your EnglishCentral ID)
- Vocabulary exercises http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/alle_words.htm
or your practice your grammar at:
- Englishpage.com
- OWL Exercises http://owl.english.purdue.edu/exercises
- Memrise.com (create your own account or use ID: pufsttp Password: 4CALL-fun)
- Vocabulary.com (login optional) or FreeRice.com (no login)
- Englishcentral.com/vocabulary (you’ll need to log in with your EnglishCentral ID)
- Vocabulary exercises http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/alle_words.htm
or your practice your grammar at:
- Englishpage.com
- OWL Exercises http://owl.english.purdue.edu/exercises
Tuesday, September 20, 2011
PUFS TTP Fall 2011: Online Writing Resources & Activities
Online Writing Resources & Activities
General Sites
- Paradigm Online Writing Assistant
- Advice on Academic Writing
- My-English-Writing.com
- Online Writing Lab (OWL) - Purdue University
- The Writing Center - University of Wisconsin at Madison
- Writing Resources for English Language Learners - Ohio University ESL
- Writer's Web - University of Richmond
- Hypertext Writer's Guide - University of Victoria
- Advanced Composition for Non-Native Speakers of English
- E. L. Easton - Writing
- Rong Chang Writing
- Writing Activities
- Academic English Cafe
- Collation Worksheets
Specific Writing Tips
Purdue's Online Writing Lab has an extensive range of guides about various aspects of writing.
- Selected Guides
- Punctuation
- Parallel Structure
- Help with Capitals
- Writing Numbers
- Subject-Verb Agreement
- Verb Tense Consistency
- Separable Phrasal Verbs
- Inseparable Phrasal Verbs
- Intransitive Phrasal Verbs
More Phrasal Verb Examples & Explanation
___________________________________________________
Activities
Activities
- Mixed Phrasal Verbs 1
- Mixed Phrasal Verbs 2
- Mixed Phrasal Verbs 3
- Mixed Phrasal Verbs 4
- Mixed Phrasal Verbs 5
- Mixed Prepositions 1
- Mixed Prepositions 2
- Mixed Prepositions 3
- Mixed Prepositions 4
- Mixed Prepositions 5
- Mixed Prepositions 6
---------------------------------------------------------
OWL Exercises
Tuesday, September 13, 2011
My TTP Courses
I am taking the following courses as part of the PUFS Teacher Training Program.
CALL, Classroom English, Cultural Understanding, Drama, ER,
Fun Fun, Games, Idioms, Listening, Outdoor Activity,
Pronuciation, Speaking, Survival English, TLS, TRW, Writing
CALL, Classroom English, Cultural Understanding, Drama, ER,
Fun Fun, Games, Idioms, Listening, Outdoor Activity,
Pronuciation, Speaking, Survival English, TLS, TRW, Writing
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